Civilization 文明 | Culture 文化

Mankind have, over the course of time, developed cultures unique to where and how they live. Family units expanded into tribes and further into primitive societies. Primitive societies then evolved into first gen civilizations. Second gen civilizations are those which built upon its respective first gen civilization, such as the Indian, Greek and Roman civilizations.

Who were the first gen civilizations?

1. Mesopotamia Civilizations (Sumer, Akkadian, Assyria and Babylon), located along the Tigris-Euphrates river system, it occupies the area of present day Iraq, and parts of Iran, Turkey, Syria and Kuwait.

2. Ancient Egypt aka Nile Valley Civilizations.

3. Indus Valley Civilizations, occupying present day Pakistan. This is distinctly different from the India civilization which is a second gen civilization between Indus and Ganges River.

4. Cretan civilization aka Aegean civilization

5. Xia civilization aka Erlitou Culture(1750-1350BC), occupying valley of Yellow River in Western Henan.

All first gen civilizations have perished, except for Xia civilization which continued to evolved into the present day Chinese civilization.

人类，在某时段和某区域的繁衍生息与生活习惯，随着时间的推进，促使了其独特文化。

家庭单位有了邻居而形成部落；部落进而形成原始社会；原始社会再过度为第一代文明。

第二代文明是在第一代文明基础上生长的，比如印度文明，希腊文明，罗马文明。

最早诞生出来的人类文明称为第一代文明。那么，第一代文明都有哪些呢？

1. 美索不达米亚文明。亚美尼亚高原的幼发拉底河与底格理斯河，流向波斯湾。两河之间诞生人类第一代文明，又称两河文明：苏美尔（Sumer），阿卡德（Akkadian），亚述（Assyria），巴比伦（Babylon）。由于希腊人把两河之间叫做美索不达米亚，所以称美索不达米亚文明。

2. 古埃及文明（Ancient Egypt）处在尼罗河流域，也称尼罗河文明（Nile Valley Civilizations) 。

3. 哈拉巴文明（Indus Valley Civilizations），又称印度河文明，处在现今的巴基斯坦。印度河文明不是印度文明。印度文明是处在印度河与恒河流域之间的第二代文明。

4. 克里特文明（Cretan civilization）又称爱琴海文明 （Aegean civilization），处在爱琴海上的克里特岛。

5. 夏文明，依据来自河南洛阳，偃师二里头遗址；时间可追溯到公元前1750年至前1530年间。距离现近四千年。

前四个第一代文明，已全部消亡。唯有夏文明，持续发展为现今的中华文明。